Air pollution in India has reached alarming levels, particularly in metropolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata. The Air Quality Index (AQI) regularly breaches hazardous limits, affecting millions of people daily. Research from esteemed health organisations, including the World Health Organisation (WHO), indicates that prolonged exposure to air pollution significantly impacts overall health. From respiratory issues to cardiovascular problems, the pollutants in the air contribute to chronic conditions. Emerging studies now link air pollution to an increased risk of blood clots, a condition that can have life-threatening consequences if left unchecked.
Can air pollution cause blood clots
Air pollution contains fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides, and other harmful chemicals that can enter the bloodstream through the lungs. These pollutants trigger inflammatory responses in the body, leading to changes in blood viscosity and clot formation. Over time, this can result in blockages in blood vessels, increasing the risk of conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. Here's how air pollution contributes to the risk of blood clots.
1. Inflammation of blood vessels
Airborne particles cause inflammation in the blood vessels, which can disrupt normal blood flow and promote clot formation.
2. Oxidative stress
Pollutants generate free radicals in the body, leading to oxidative stress, which damages the vascular lining and increases clotting risks.
3. Increased platelet aggregation
Exposure to air pollution can stimulate platelets to clump together, forming clots that obstruct blood flow.
4. Disrupted oxygen exchange
Pollution impairs lung function, reducing oxygen supply to the blood, which can lead to a higher risk of clotting.
5. Impact on cholesterol levels
Pollutants like PM2.5 can alter lipid metabolism, increasing bad cholesterol levels, which contribute to arterial plaque formation and blood clots.
6. Heart strain
Air pollution forces the heart to work harder to pump blood, exacerbating conditions like hypertension, which is a known risk factor for clots.
The link between air pollution and blood clots underscores the urgent need for preventive measures. To reduce risks, individuals can limit outdoor activities during high pollution days, wear masks, and maintain a diet rich in antioxidants to combat oxidative stress. Cities must also prioritise reducing emissions and improving air quality. By taking proactive steps, individuals can protect themselves from the adverse effects of air pollution and reduce the risk of life-threatening conditions like blood clots.
