Budget 2025: What is Economic Survey and why is it tabled in Parliament day before Union Budget?

Understanding the Economic Survey and Its Presentation Before the Union Budget

In India, the Economic Survey is a significant annual document that provides a comprehensive overview of the nation's economic health over the past financial year. Prepared by the Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs under the Ministry of Finance, this report is formulated under the guidance of the Chief Economic Adviser. Traditionally, the Economic Survey is tabled in Parliament a day before the Union Budget is presented.

Advertisements*

Purpose and Content of the Economic Survey

The Economic Survey serves multiple purposes:

1. Assessment of Economic Performance: It evaluates the country's economic performance over the previous year, covering key indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, inflation rates, employment statistics, and fiscal deficits.
2. Policy Analysis and Recommendations: The document analyzes current economic challenges and provides policy suggestions to address them, aiming to guide future economic planning and reforms.
3. Data Compilation: It offers an authoritative and updated source of data on various economic sectors, including agriculture, industry, and services, serving as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and analysts.
4. Medium-Term Outlook: The survey outlines the medium-term prospects of the economy, discussing potential growth trajectories and areas requiring attention.

Structure of the Economic Survey

The Economic Survey is typically divided into two parts:

• Part A: This section delves into the state of the economy, providing detailed analyses of macroeconomic indicators, fiscal developments, and sectoral performances.
• Part B: This part focuses on specific issues impacting the economy, such as social sector initiatives, climate change, and energy transitions, offering in-depth studies and policy recommendations.

Significance of Presenting the Economic Survey Before the Union Budget

Presenting the Economic Survey a day before the Union Budget holds strategic importance:

1. Informing Budget Formulation: The insights and data from the survey provide a foundation for the budget, helping in the formulation of fiscal policies and allocation of resources.
2. Transparency and Accountability: By reviewing the economic performance of the past year, the government demonstrates transparency and holds itself accountable for its economic policies.
3. Setting the Context: The survey sets the context for the budget, highlighting economic challenges and opportunities, thereby framing the narrative for the upcoming fiscal policies.

Historical Context and Evolution

Initially, the Economic Survey was presented alongside the Union Budget. However, since 1964, it has been delinked and is now presented a day prior. This separation allows for a focused discussion on the country's economic condition without conflating it with budgetary allocations and proposals.

Preparation Process

The preparation of the Economic Survey is a meticulous process:

• Data Collection: Economic data is gathered from various government departments, agencies, and international organizations.
• Analysis: The data is analyzed to assess performance across different sectors and to identify emerging trends and challenges.
• Consultations: The Economic Division consults with experts, industry stakeholders, and policymakers to incorporate diverse perspectives.
• Drafting: Under the supervision of the Chief Economic Adviser, the survey is drafted, ensuring clarity, accuracy, and comprehensiveness.

Impact and Utilization

The Economic Survey influences various stakeholders:

• Policymakers: It aids in informed decision-making and policy formulation.
• Academia and Researchers: The survey serves as a valuable resource for economic research and analysis.
• Investors and Industry: Insights from the survey help in understanding the economic environment, guiding investment decisions.
• General Public: It educates citizens about the country's economic status and government initiatives.

Challenges and Criticisms

While the Economic Survey is a crucial document, it faces certain challenges:

• Data Limitations: Timeliness and accuracy of data can affect the analysis.
• Implementation Gaps: Policy recommendations may not always be implemented, limiting the survey's impact.
• Complexity: The technical nature of the document can make it less accessible to the general public.

Conclusion

The Economic Survey is a cornerstone of India's economic planning and policy formulation. By providing a detailed analysis of the past year's economic performance and offering insights into future challenges and opportunities, it plays a pivotal role in shaping the nation's economic trajectory. Its presentation before the Union Budget ensures that fiscal policies are grounded in a thorough understanding of the current economic landscape, promoting informed decision-making and fostering economic transparency.